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BRACHIOSAURUS

One of the most recognizable sauropods (sore-oh-pods) or long-necked dinosaurs, Brachiosaurus altithorax   (b-rack-E-oh-sore-us all-tea-Thor-axe) is yet another dinosaur whose media representations have stuck closely to the scientific knowledge of the 90's.

Original  Discovery

Brachiosaurus was first discovered in 1900 by paleontologist Elmer Riggs. In 1903, based on the two very incomplete skeletons discovered, he named his creature Brachiosaurus altithorax, a name that means "tall-chested arm lizard".

Physical  Appearance

Due to the incomplete nature of all known Brachiosaurus specimens, most skeletal reconstructions of Brachiosaurus are based on the fossil remains of its close relative Giraffatitan (giraffe-a-titan). Unlike most dinosaurs, whose front limbs were shorter than their hind limbs, Brachiosaurus' front limbs were longer than its hind limbs. This would have given Brachiosaurus a body that sloped upward from its relatively short tail.

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While the skeletal appearance of Brachiosaurus does not vary much from reconstruction to reconstruction, most external reconstructions tend to fall into two categories, those that are "shrink wrapped" and those that are not. "Shrink wrapping" refers to the reconstruction process of applying only muscles to the bones before wrapping the animal in tight fitting skin. This process does not account for the fat reserves and soft body structures that many modern animals possess. When the "shrink wrapping" process is applied to the skeletons of modern animals (like the zebra shown below), truly alien creatures appear. However, some animals (like the modern giraffe) are relatively lean animals whose external shape closely follows that of their skeleton. We may never know what amount of extra body mass dinosaurs possessed, but we should always keep an open mind when reconstructing these animals.

Ecology

Brachiosaurus lived in the famous Morrison Formation of western North America. Possessing the body of a high browser, Brachiosaurus would have avoided competition with most of the other herbivorous dinosaurs of the region, including Stegosaurus (steg-oh-sore-us) and Brontosaurus (brawn-toe-sore-us). It is believed that sauropods had huge caloric needs. For these needs to be met, the animal would have to spend nearly its entire life eating. Being at least 80 feet long and standing at least 40 feet tall, Brachiosaurus probably only took breaks from eating to mate and lay its eggs. Young Brachiosaurus would have hatched out of eggs the size of footballs and then grown rapidly over the next 13 years until they reached their maximum size.

 

Sauropods like Brachiosaurus grow so fast because it is their only means of defense. Unlike many of the other large herbivorous dinosaurs, most sauropods have no horns, body armor, or spiked tails. Thus, they evolved to be bigger than nearly any predator in a region.

Extinction

It is not known why Brachiosaurus went extinct. Perhaps their ecological niche disappeared. Perhaps they were out competed by their descendants, the titanosaurs (tye-tan-oh-sores). Whatever the reason, Brachiosaurus will remain an icon of the Mesozoic era.

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Image Credits

All images have had minor cropping in order to fit the space required

All images are used under Fair Use laws

Credits are listed in order of appearance: Top to Bottom and Left to Right

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Brachiosaurus at dawn

Original artwork by: Julius Csotonyi

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FMNH Brachiosaurus

Original picture by: AStrangerintheAlps

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Brachiosaurus

Original artwork by: Hypnoflow

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Shrink wrapped zebra

Original artwork by: C.M. Koseman

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Brachiosaurus

Original film by: The BBC

Edited by: WillDynamo55

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"They do move in herds."

Original screenshot by: Frontier Developments

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